The researchers identify contextual variation and combinations within sperm-whale click sequences, or codas. The findings concern the organisation of signals, rather than a translation of what whales are saying.
Animal Behavior and Cognition, 11(2), 136–166 · 2024
A wearable underwater interface was used in 58 sessions with wild Atlantic spotted dolphins during 2013–2016. The authors report immediate and delayed imitation of computer-generated sounds, but no signs of functional understanding of the object labels.
Journal of Medical Internet Research · 14 September 2026 · Background reading
The authors translate lived experience and theory into forum guidance addressing autonomy, competence, belonging and safety. Recommendations connect broad principles with practical implementation choices.
Dogs responded appropriately to play and outside words spoken or played through buttons, including buttons pressed by an unfamiliar researcher. Food-related responses did not show the same pattern.